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The evolution of life, including human life, is a product of blind physical and chemical forces and serves no apparent purpose. [ 11 ] : 35–36 Similarly, Peter Wessel Zapffe , a Nowergian philosopher from the 20th century, articulates a profound sense of existential despair rooted in the nature of human interests and the limitations of our ...
Existential nihilism is the philosophical theory that life has no objective meaning or purpose. [1] The inherent meaninglessness of life is largely explored in the philosophical school of existentialism, where one can potentially create their own subjective "meaning" or "purpose".
Abandonment, in philosophy, refers to the infinite freedom of humanity without the existence of a condemning or omnipotent higher power.Original existentialism explores the liminal experiences of anxiety, death, "the nothing" and nihilism; the rejection of science (and above all, causal explanation) as an adequate framework for understanding human being; and the introduction of "authenticity ...
Statue of the Buddha.. Historically, philosophical pessimism seems to have first presented itself in the East, under the partly religious aspect of Buddhism. [2] [3]: 130 In the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, Gautama Buddha establishes the first noble truth of duḥkha, or suffering, as the fundamental mark of existence: [4]
For life has no terrors for him who has thoroughly understood that there are no terrors for him in ceasing to live. Foolish, therefore, is the man who says that he fears death, not because it will pain when it comes, but because it pains in the prospect. Whatever causes no annoyance when it is present causes only a groundless pain in the ...
Eternal recurrence (German: Ewige Wiederkunft) is one of the central concepts of the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900). [14] While the idea itself is not original to Nietzsche, his unique response to it gave new life to the theory, and speculation as to the correct interpretation of Nietzsche's doctrine continues to this day.
The term nihilism was first introduced to philosophy by Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819), who used the term to characterize rationalism, [46] and in particular Spinoza's determinism and the Aufklärung, in order to carry out a reductio ad absurdum according to which all rationalism (philosophy as criticism) reduces to nihilism—and thus ...
Ava Chitwood, Death by Philosophy, University of Michigan Press, 2004. Simon Critchley, Book of Dead Philosophers, Vintage, 2009. David Palfrey, "How Philosophers Die", British Academy Review, Issue 10 (2007) Anthony Quinton, 'Deaths of philosophers', The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford, 1995, 2005.