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Umber is a natural earth pigment consisting of iron oxide and manganese oxide; it has a brownish color that can vary among shades of yellow, red, and green. [ 3 ] : 39 Umber is considered one of the oldest pigments known to humans, first seen in Ajanta Caves in 200 BC – 600 AD.
Raw umber (PBr7): a natural clay pigment consisting of iron oxide, manganese oxide and aluminum oxide: Fe 2 O 3 + MnO 2 + n H 2 O + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3. When calcined (heated) it is referred to as burnt umber and has more intense colors. Raw sienna (PBr7): a naturally occurring yellow-brown pigment
Burnt umber is made by heating raw umber, which dehydrates the iron oxides and changes them partially to the more reddish hematite. It is used for both oil and water color paint. At a hue of 9, it is classified as a red-brown. The first recorded use of burnt umber as a color name in English was in 1650. [5]
And that's not all: Blizzard Blue, Magic Mint and Mulberry (all retired in 2003) and Orange Red, Violet Blue, Lemon Yellow and Raw Umber (retired in 1990) are also heading back to crayon boxes ...
Raw Umber, retired in 1990. Blizzard Blue, retired in 2003. Magic Mint, retired in 2003. Mulberry, retired in 2003. Dandelion, retired in 2017. Dandelion will be making a triumphant return in 2025.
Dandelion, Blizzard Blue, Magic Mint, Mulberry, Orange Red, Violet Blue, Lemon Yellow and Raw Umber will be hitting shelves for the first time — in some cases — in 35 years.
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