Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
A study by Chuck Benbrook concluded that the spread of glyphosate-resistant weeds had increased US herbicide use. [353] [354] That study cited a 23% increase (.3 kilograms/hectare) for soybeans from 1996 to 2006, a 43% (.9 kg/ha) increase for cotton from 1996 to 2010 and a 16% (.5 kg/ha) decrease for corn from 1996 to 2010. [353]
EPSP synthase is the biological target for the herbicide glyphosate. [13] Glyphosate is a competitive inhibitor of EPSP synthase, acting as a transition state analog that binds more tightly to the EPSPS-S3P complex than PEP and inhibits the shikimate pathway. This binding leads to inhibition of the enzyme's catalysis and shuts down the pathway.
Hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens.HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection and it serves to restrict the growth and spread of pathogens to other parts of the plant.
Over-reliance on glyphosate and a reduction in the diversity of weed management practices allowed the spread of glyphosate resistance in 14 weed species in the US, [207] and in soybeans. [ 5 ] To reduce resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, the 1996 commercialization of transgenic cotton and maize came with a management strategy to ...
In 2004, a glyphosate-resistant variation of Palmer amaranth was found in the U.S. state of Georgia. [199] In 2005, resistance was also found in North Carolina. [200] The species can quickly become resistant to multiple herbicides and has developed multiple mechanisms for glyphosate resistance due to selection pressure. [201] [200]
Glyphosate disrupts the ability of most plants to construct new proteins. Glyphosate-tolerant transgenic crops are not affected. [7] A weed family that includes waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) has developed glyphosate-resistant strains. A 2008 to 2009 survey of 144 populations of waterhemp in 41 Missouri counties revealed glyphosate resistance in 69%.
Since many R-factors contain F-plasmids, antibiotic resistance can be easily spread among a population of bacteria. [19] Also, R-factors can be taken up by "DNA pumps" in their membranes via transformation , [ 20 ] or less commonly through viral mediated transduction , [ 21 ] or via bacteriophage, although conjugation is the most common means ...
Horizontal gene transfer is the primary mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, [8] [5] [9] [10] and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides [11] and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. [12]