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Class C airspace is denoted by a heavy magenta border. Each distinct segment of class C airspace contains figures indicating the upper and lower altitude limits of that segment in units of one hundred feet, shown as a fraction, e.g., 100 over 40 indicates a ceiling of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) MSL and a floor of 4,000 feet (1,200 m) MSL.
It also overlays Class D airspace at smaller airports. Class D is used for the Terminal Control Zones of medium-sized airports, extending from the surface up to 2,500 feet (760 m) AGL (depicted in MSL on a chart). Above this, Class C airspace is used, although generally only in a sector, and not 360° around the airport.
In Canada, the TCA is normally designated as class B, C or D. [5] In the U.S., the airspace of a TCA is typically designated as class B. In the U.K., the airspace of a TMA is usually designated as class A, D or E. In Australia and New Zealand, "terminal airspace" is not used both in common vernacular or publication and legislation. However, the ...
Class A airspace is generally the airspace from 18,000 feet (~3.4 miles, 5.5 km) mean sea level (MSL) up to and including flight level (FL) 600 (~11.4 miles, 18.3 km), including the airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles (NM) (~13.8 miles, 22.2 km) of the coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska. Unless otherwise authorized ...
A sectional chart is a two-sided chart created from a Lambert Conformal Conic Projection [1] with two defined standard parallels. The scale is 1:500,000, with a contour interval of 500 feet. The size of each sectional is designed to be "arm's width" when completely unfolded.
In aviation, a control area (CTA) is "a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth", not less than 200m (700 feet), although the limit does not need to be established uniformly within a control area. [1]
Class B's layers are designed individually to meet the needs of the airport they overlay. Pilots must also receive clearance to enter the Class B airspace but Visual Flight Rules may be used, unlike in Class A airspace. Class B airspace corresponds to the area formerly known as a Terminal Control Area or TCA. [6]
Radar separation is applied by a controller observing that the radar returns from the two aircraft are a certain minimum horizontal distance away from each other, as observed on a suitably calibrated radar system. The actual distance used varies: 5NM (9.26km) is common in en route airspace, 3 NM is common in terminal airspace at lower levels.