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There are also a number of other conditions that affect hands, feet, and parts of the face with associated skin color changes that need to be differentiated from acrocyanosis: Raynaud phenomenon, pernio, acrorygosis, erythromelalgia, and blue finger syndrome. The diagnosis may be challenging in some cases, especially when these syndromes co-exist.
Paroxysmal hand hematoma, also known as Achenbach syndrome, is a skin condition characterized by spontaneous focal hemorrhage into the palm or the volar surface of a finger, which results in transitory localized pain, followed by rapid swelling and localized blueish discoloration.
This includes the palms, soles, knees, and nasolabial folds, although the discoloration can be generalized. The primary factor differentiating carotenoderma from jaundice is the characteristic sparing of the sclerae in carotenoderma, which would be involved in jaundice if the bilirubin is at a level to cause skin findings.
Furthermore, mongolian spots, large birthmarks, and the consumption of food products with blue or purple dyes can also result in the bluish skin tissue discoloration and may be mistaken for cyanosis. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Appropriate physical examination and history taking is a crucial part to diagnose cyanosis.
The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3] Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units , each with hair follicle , sebaceous gland , and associated arrector pili muscle. [ 4 ]
Palmar xanthoma is clinically characterized by yellowish plaques that involve the palms and flexural surfaces of the fingers. [2]: 531 Palmar xanthomas are characterised by yellowish to orange, flat macules or slightly elevated plaques, often with a central white area which may be localised or generalised. They often arise in the skin folds ...
The hands typically get cold when the body or the hand specifically is exposed to cold.” Most of the time cold hands aren’t a cause for concern — they’re simply the result of less blood ...
[2] [4] There is diffuse scaling on the palms or back of usually one hand and the palmer creases appear more prominent. [2] When both hands are affected, the rash looks different on each hand, with palmer creases appearing whitish if the infection has been present for a long time. [5] It can be itchy and look slightly raised. [5]