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Orthodontic indices are one of the tools that are available for orthodontists to grade and assess malocclusion. [1] Orthodontic indices can be useful for an ...
Translation Translation occurs in the upper TMJ compartment and provides most of the mandible's ability to open. Articular disc and condyle complex slide inferiorly on the articular eminences, allowing maximum depression of the mandible. [7] Maximal Mandibular Opening (T). Condylar heads are said to be at a maximum anterior-inferior position.
One of the earliest uses of anchorage came from Henry Albert Baker for his use of the intermaxillary anchorage or Baker's Anchorage. This type of anchorage involves using elastics from one jaw to the other, in the form of either Class 2 elastics (moving upper teeth back) where lower molar teeth serve as anchors, or Class 3 elastics (moving lower teeth back) where upper molars serve as anchors.
Intrusion is a movement in the field of orthodontics where a tooth is moved partially into the bone. Intrusion is done in orthodontics to correct an anterior deep bite or in some cases intrusion of the over-erupted posterior teeth with no opposing tooth. [1] Intrusion can be done in many ways and consists of many different types.
Cephalometric analysis depends on cephalometric radiography to study relationships between bony and soft tissue landmarks and can be used to diagnose facial growth abnormalities prior to treatment, in the middle of treatment to evaluate progress, or at the conclusion of treatment to ascertain that the goals of treatment have been met. [5]
Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE), also known as surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME), [1] is a technique in the field of orthodontics which is used to expand the maxillary arch. This technique is a combination of both Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics.