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Filmmakers were facing the possibility that many states and cities would adopt their own codes of censorship, necessitating a multiplicity of versions of films made for national distribution. Self-censorship was deemed a preferable outcome. In 1927, Hays suggested to studio executives that they form a committee to discuss film censorship.
Catholic bishops and laypeople tended to be leery of federal censorship and favored the Hays approach of self-censorship, and the influence of public opinion. [18] The Catholic Legion of Decency was organized in 1934 [19] under the auspices of Cincinnati Archbishop John T. McNicholas. Members were asked to sign a pledge promising to "remain ...
Breen was a journalist and an "influential layperson" in the Catholic community. [5] Breen worked for Will H. Hays as a "troubleshooter" as early as 1931. [6]In 1933, the Roman Catholic National Legion of Decency was founded, and began to rate films independently, putting pressure on the industry.
The National Legion of Decency was established in 1933 and reorganized in 1965 as the National Catholic Office for Motion Pictures (NCOMP). Under each of these names, it rated films according to their suitability for viewing, assigning a code of A, B, or C, with that of C identified as "Condemned" for viewing by Catholics.
Finally, the code sought to protect American film interests abroad by encouraging film studios to avoid racist portrayals of foreigners. [5] [7] From the early days of the association, Hays spoke out against public censorship, [7] [8] and the MPPDA worked to raise support from the general public for the film industry's efforts against such ...
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As a result, the studios granted Hays' organization full authority to enforce the production code on all studios, creating a relatively strict regime of self-censorship which endured for decades (the code was set aside in the 1960s when the age-based rating system in force today was adopted). Hays hired Joseph Breen, a Catholic and antisemite ...
The Motion Picture Production Code, also simply known as the Production Code or as the "Hays Code", was established both to curtail additional government censorship and to prevent the loss of revenue from boycotts led by the Catholic Church and fundamentalist Protestant groups, who had wanted to judge the moral impact of Hollywood cinema on the ...