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In addition to the binary application code, the executables may contain headers and tables with relocation and fixup information as well as various kinds of meta data. Among those formats listed, the ones in most common use are PE (on Microsoft Windows), ELF (on Linux and most other versions of Unix), Mach-O (on macOS and iOS) and MZ (on DOS).
The universal binary format is a format for executable files that run natively either on both PowerPC-based and x86-based Macs or on both Intel 64-based and ARM64-based Macs. The format originated on NeXTStep as " Multi-Architecture Binaries ", and the concept is more generally known as a fat binary , as seen on Power Macintosh .
binfmt_misc (Miscellaneous Binary Format) is a capability of the Linux kernel which allows arbitrary executable file formats to be recognized and passed to certain user space applications, such as emulators and virtual machines. [1] It is one of a number of binary format handlers in the kernel that are involved in preparing a user-space program ...
Some versions of NetBSD have had Mach-O support added as part of an implementation of binary compatibility, which allowed some Mac OS 10.3 binaries to be executed. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] For Linux, a Mach-O loader was written by Shinichiro Hamaji [ 17 ] that can load 10.6 binaries.
UPX uses a data compression algorithm called UCL, [5] which is an open-source implementation of portions of the proprietary NRV (Not Really Vanished) [6] algorithm. [2]UCL has been designed to be simple enough that a decompressor can be implemented in just a few hundred bytes of code.
executable binary, metadata, other bundles, any other file needed to run the application. In NeXTSTEP , OPENSTEP , and their lineal descendants macOS , iOS , iPadOS , tvOS , watchOS , and visionOS , and in GNUstep , a bundle is a file directory with a defined structure and file extension, allowing related files to be grouped together as a ...
An ELF file has two views: the program header shows the segments used at run time, whereas the section header lists the set of sections.. In computing, the Executable and Linkable Format [2] (ELF, formerly named Extensible Linking Format) is a common standard file format for executable files, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps.
For another example, Mac OS X on the PowerPC had the ability to run Mac OS 9 and earlier application software through Classic—but this did not make Mac OS X a binary compatible OS with Mac OS 9. Instead, the Classic environment was actually running Mac OS 9.1 in a virtual machine, running as a normal process inside of Mac OS X. [1] [2]