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Statistical zero-knowledge [13] means that the distributions are not necessarily exactly the same, but they are statistically close, meaning that their statistical difference is a negligible function. We speak of computational zero-knowledge if no efficient algorithm can distinguish the two distributions.
A common use of a zero-knowledge password proof is in authentication systems where one party wants to prove its identity to a second party using a password but doesn't want the second party or anybody else to learn anything about the password. For example, apps can validate a password without processing it and a payment app can check the ...
Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts. Zero-knowledge proof is a method by which one party (the prover) can prove to another party (the verifier) that they know a value x, without conveying any information apart from the fact that they know the value x.
Recent ones include the XMSS, the Leighton–Micali (LMS), the SPHINCS and the BPQS schemes. Most hash-based signature schemes are stateful, meaning that signing requires updating the secret key, unlike conventional digital signature schemes. For stateful hash-based signature schemes, signing requires keeping state of the used one-time keys and ...
In colloquial use, the term "code" is often used to mean any method of encryption or concealment of meaning. However, in cryptography, code has a more specific meaning: the replacement of a unit of plaintext (i.e., a meaningful word or phrase) with a code word (for example, "wallaby" replaces "attack at dawn"). A cypher, in contrast, is a ...
In addition, zero-knowledge services often strive to hold as little metadata as possible, holding only that data that is functionally needed by the service. The term "zero-knowledge" was popularized by backup service SpiderOak , which later switched to using the term "no knowledge" to avoid confusion with the computer science concept of zero ...
Zero knowledge may mean: Zero-knowledge proof , a concept from cryptography, an interactive method for one party to prove to another that a (usually mathematical) statement is true, without revealing anything other than the veracity of the statement
One particular motivating example is the use of commitment schemes in zero-knowledge proofs.Commitments are used in zero-knowledge proofs for two main purposes: first, to allow the prover to participate in "cut and choose" proofs where the verifier will be presented with a choice of what to learn, and the prover will reveal only what corresponds to the verifier's choice.