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The Quinque viæ (Latin for "Five Ways") (sometimes called "five proofs") are five logical arguments for the existence of God summarized by the 13th-century Catholic philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas in his book Summa Theologica. They are: the argument from "first mover"; the argument from universal causation; the argument from contingency;
Importantly, Aquinas's Five Ways, given the second question of his Summa Theologica, are not the entirety of Aquinas's demonstration that the Christian God exists. The Five Ways form only the beginning of Aquinas's Treatise on the Divine Nature.
Thomas Aquinas OP (/ ə ˈ k w aɪ n ə s / ⓘ ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino '; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian [ 6 ] Dominican friar and priest , the foremost Scholastic thinker, [ 7 ] as well as one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the Western tradition. [ 8 ]
The Summa includes five arguments for the existence of God, which are known as the "five ways" (Latin: quinque viae). [11] The five ways occupy only one of the Summa 's 3,125 articles. Reception
Kenny has written extensively on Thomas Aquinas and modern Thomism. In The Five Ways (1969), [11] he deals with St. Thomas' five proofs of God. In it, he argues that none of the proofs Thomas sets out is wholly valid, and instead sets out to show the flaws in the five ways. [12]
The argument from degrees, also known as the degrees of perfection argument or the henological argument, [1] is an argument for the existence of God first proposed by mediaeval Roman Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas as one of the five ways to philosophically argue in favour of God's existence in his Summa Theologica.
Thomas Aquinas holds that the existence of God can be demonstrated by reason, [38] a view that is taught by the Catholic Church. [39] The quinque viae (Latin: five ways) found in the Summa Theologica (I, Q.2, art.3) are five possible ways of demonstrating the existence of God, [40] which today are categorized as: 1.
Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225 – 1274) presented several versions of the cosmological argument in his Summa Theologica, and of the teleological argument in his Summa contra Gentiles. He presented the ontological argument, but rejected it in favor of proofs that invoke cause and effect alone.