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A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the material to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they color. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber. [2]
Broadly, dyes are soluble and become fixed to a substrate via impregnation, while pigments are insoluble and require a binding agent to adhere to a substrate. Dyes, therefore, must have an affinity for the substance they are intended to color. [4] Chemically speaking, pigments can be organic or inorganic, while dyes are only organic.
These dyes produce brilliant colors that work well with animal fibers, especially silk. Because of poor colorfastness, aniline dyes are seldom used with textiles today. [7] archil Archil is a dye produced from the lichen Roccella tinctoria which also produces cudbear and litmus. [8
This is a list of dyes with Colour Index International generic names and numbers and CAS Registry numbers. This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items.
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Copper phthalocyanine ("phthalo blue") is a synthetic blue pigment frequently used in paints, inks, and dyes. It is highly valued for its superior properties such as light fastness, tinting strength, covering power and resistance to the effects of alkalis and acids. It has the appearance of a blue powder, insoluble in most solvents including water.
Direct dyes, a class of dyes largely for dyeing cotton, are water-soluble and can be applied directly to the fiber from an aqueous solution. Most other classes of synthetic dye, other than vat and surface dyes, are also applied in this way. The term may also be applied to dyeing without the use of mordants to fix the dye once it is applied.
Lightfastness is a property of a colourant such as dye or pigment that describes its resistance to fading when exposed to light. [1] [2] [3] Dyes and pigments are used for example for dyeing of fabrics, plastics or other materials and manufacturing paints or printing inks.