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Martin Elias Peter Seligman (/ ˈ s ɛ l ɪ ɡ m ə n /; born August 12, 1942) is an American psychologist, educator, and author of self-help books. Seligman is a strong promoter within the scientific community of his theories of well-being and positive psychology. [1] His theory of learned helplessness is popular among scientific and clinical ...
It was created by Christopher Peterson and Martin Seligman, researchers in the field of positive psychology, in order to operationalize their handbook Character Strengths and Virtues (CSV). [1] The CSV is the positive psychology counterpart to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) used in traditional psychology. [1]
According to Martin Seligman, anyone can learn optimism. Whether currently an optimist or a pessimist, benefits can be gained from exposure to the process of learned optimism to improve response to both big and small adversities. A learned optimism test (developed by Seligman) is used to determine an individual's base level of optimism.
Almost all of these following scientists have published influential and well-cited articles. Furthermore, these scientists are considered producers of high-quality work outside of the positive psychology guild and publish in mainstream, top-tier psychology journals. Albert Bandura; Robert Biswas-Diener; Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi [1] Richard Davidson
Positive psychology began as a new domain of psychology in 1998 when Martin Seligman chose it as the theme for his term as president of the American Psychological Association. [3] [4] It is a reaction against past practices that tended to focus on mental illness and emphasized maladaptive behavior and negative thinking.
In psychology, preparedness is a concept developed to explain why certain associations are learned more readily than others. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, phobias related to survival, such as snakes, spiders, and heights, are much more common and much easier to induce in the laboratory than other kinds of fears .
Positive psychology, the study of optimal human functioning, is an attempt to respond to the systematic bias inherent in psychology's historical emphasis on mental illness rather than on mental wellness (Seligman, 2002), mainly by focusing on two, forgotten but classical psychological goals:
In this connection, Robinson was among the small group assembled by Martin Seligman in 1999 to develop the framework for Positive Psychology. [ 9 ] In Wild Beasts and Idle Humours , [ 10 ] Robinson offered a treatise on the relationship between science and jurisprudence as this developed from ancient to contemporary times.