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Here, 7 − 9 = −2, so try (10 − 9) + 7 = 8, and the 10 is got by taking ("borrowing") 1 from the next digit to the left. There are two ways in which this is commonly taught: The ten is moved from the next digit left, leaving in this example 3 − 1 in the tens column.
Example of addition with carry. The black numbers are the addends, the green number is the carry, and the blue number is the sum. In the rightmost digit, the addition of 9 and 7 is 16, carrying 1 into the next pair of the digit to the left, making its addition 1 + 5 + 2 = 8. Therefore, 59 + 27 = 86.
For example, through the standard addition algorithm, the sum can be obtained by following three rules: a) line up the digits of each addend by place value, longer digit addends should go on top, b) each addend can be decomposed -- ones are added with ones, tens are added with tens, and so on, and c) if the sum of the digits of the current place value is ten or greater, then the number must be ...
For example, in the method addition with carries, the two numbers are written one above the other. Starting from the rightmost digit, each pair of digits is added together. The rightmost digit of the sum is written below them. If the sum is a two-digit number then the leftmost digit, called the "carry", is added to the next pair of digits to ...
A number-line visualization of the algebraic addition 2 + 4 = 6. A "jump" that has a distance of 2 followed by another that is long as 4, is the same as a translation by 6. A number-line visualization of the unary addition 2 + 4 = 6. A translation by 4 is equivalent to four translations by 1.
The sum of two biggest two-digit-numbers is 99+99=198. So O=1 and there is a carry in column 3. Since column 1 is on the right of all other columns, it is impossible for it to have a carry. Therefore 1+1=T, and T=2. As column 1 had been calculated in the last step, it is known that there isn't a carry in column 2.
The exception occurs when the original number has a digital root of 9, whose digit sum is itself, and therefore will not be cast out by taking further digit sums. The number 12565, for instance, has digit sum 1+2+5+6+5 = 19, which, in turn, has digit sum 1+9=10, which, in its turn has digit sum 1+0=1, a single-digit number.
Digit sums and digital roots can be used for quick divisibility tests: a natural number is divisible by 3 or 9 if and only if its digit sum (or digital root) is divisible by 3 or 9, respectively. For divisibility by 9, this test is called the rule of nines and is the basis of the casting out nines technique for checking calculations.