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Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) is a potentially-fatal febrile illness affecting horses caused by the intracellular bacterium Neorickettsia risticii. PHF is also known as Shasta River Crud and Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis .
N. risticii is the known causative agent of equine neorickettsiosis (also known as Potomac horse fever or PHF), [2] which gets its name from its discovery near the Potomac River in Maryland and Virginia. [3] N. risticii was first recovered from horses in this region in 1984 but was not recognized as the causative agent of PHF until 1979. [3]
Neorickettsia risticii causes Potomac horse fever. Neorickettsia helminthoeca is found in association with the trematode Nanophyetus salmincola, and causes salmon poisoning disease in dogs and other canids. Neorickettsia elokominica causes a similar disease, Elokomin fluke fever, in canids and other species.
The horse may have a recurrent fever and anemia, and may relapse to the subacute or acute form even several years after the original attack. [citation needed] A horse may also not appear to have any symptoms, yet still tests positive for EIA antibodies. Such a horse can still pass on the disease.
In the adult horse, Salmonella, Clostridioides difficile, and Neorickettsia risticii (the causative agent of Potomac Horse Fever) are common causes of colitis. Antibiotics, which may lead to an altered and unhealthy microbiota, sand, grain overload, and toxins such as arsenic and cantharidin can also lead to colitis.
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E. Eastern equine encephalitis; Endometrosis; Epizootic lymphangitis; Equid alphaherpesvirus 4; Equid gammaherpesvirus 2; Equid gammaherpesvirus 5; Equine atypical myopathy
Transovarial and transstadial transmission of the Ixodes tick. Transstadial transmission is the persistence of a symbiont or pathogen in an organism from one life stage ("stadium") to the next, such as larva to nymph to adult. [1] [2] [3] This type of transmission is typically observed in insects.