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Concept map – Diagram showing relationships among concepts; Database design – Designing how data is held in a database; Data structure diagram – visual representation of a certain kind of data model that contains entities, their relationships, and the constraints that are placed on them
The relational model (RM) is an approach to managing data using a structure and language consistent with first-order predicate logic, first described in 1969 by English computer scientist Edgar F. Codd, [1] [2] where all data are represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations.
A database model is a type of data model that determines the logical structure of a database. It fundamentally determines in which manner data can be stored, organized and manipulated. The most popular example of a database model is the relational model, which uses a table-based format.
A sample entity–relationship diagram. One of the most common types of conceptual schemas is the ER (entity–relationship model) diagrams. Attributes in ER diagrams are usually modeled as an oval with the name of the attribute, linked to the entity or relationship that contains the attribute.
The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term " schema " refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases ).
A conceptual schema or conceptual data model is a high-level description of informational needs underlying the design of a database. [1] [2] It typically includes only the core concepts and the main relationships among them. This is a high-level model with insufficient detail to build a complete, functional database. [3]
The entity–relationship model proposes a technique that produces entity–relationship diagrams (ERDs), which can be employed to capture information about data model entity types, relationships and cardinality. A Crow's foot shows a one-to-many relationship. Alternatively a single line represents a one-to-one relationship. [4]
A physical data model (or database design) is a representation of a data design as implemented, or intended to be implemented, in a database management system. In the lifecycle of a project it typically derives from a logical data model , though it may be reverse-engineered from a given database implementation.