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Cachexia (/ k ə ˈ k ɛ k s i ə / [1]) is a syndrome that happens when people have certain illnesses, causing muscle loss that cannot be fully reversed with improved nutrition. [2] It is most common in diseases like cancer , congestive heart failure , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , chronic kidney disease , and AIDS .
Mortality rates of cachexia patients range from 15 to 25% per year in severe COPD, 20–40% per year in patients with chronic heart failure or chronic kidney disease, to 20–80% per year in cancer cachexia. [8] The SCWD was founded in 2008 on the initiative of Prof. Stefan D. Anker [9] in Germany and Dr. John E. Morley [10] in the US.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephalo-) at multiple locations (multifocal). It is caused by the JC virus, which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system. The ...
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
The diagnosis of cancer was whispered by Napoleon to his doctors. When Dr Arnott told him that his ailment was in the stomach, he immediately thought of his father's death, whose autopsy report had revealed the existence of a stomach tumor which, by obstructing the pylorus, had led to death from cachexia. This diagnosis of cancer suited Hudson ...
Cachexia is a "wasting" syndrome. Advanced cancer and HIV can lead to cachexia. TNFalpha, an inflammatory cytokine, is upregulated in cancer patients suffering from cachexia. Patients may be treated with Megestrol, an appetite stiumulant. Treatment is largely supportive, not curative.
Cerebral hypoxia is a form of hypoxia (reduced supply of oxygen), specifically involving the brain; when the brain is completely deprived of oxygen, it is called cerebral anoxia.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a clinical condition caused by cancerous cells (mucinous adenocarcinoma) that produce abundant mucin or gelatinous ascites. [1] The tumors cause fibrosis of tissues and impede digestion or organ function, and if left untreated, the tumors and mucin they produce will fill the abdominal cavity.