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Referring to a common salt of fluoride, sodium fluoride (NaF), the lethal dose for most adult humans is estimated at 5 to 10 g (which is equivalent to 32 to 64 mg elemental fluoride/kg body weight). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Ingestion of fluoride can produce gastrointestinal discomfort at doses at least 15 to 20 times lower (0.2–0.3 mg/kg or 10 to 15 ...
Caries-inhibiting effects of fluoride were first noticed 1902, when fluoride in high concentrations was found to stain teeth and prevent tooth decay. Fluoride salts, particularly sodium fluoride (NaF), are used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. [13] Symptoms such as fractured hips in the elderly or brittle and weak bones may be ...
Symptoms of HF exposure include irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, and throat; eye and skin burns; and bone damage. [3] Complications may occur due to fluoride toxicity. [1] Once absorbed into blood through the skin, [1] it reacts with blood calcium and may cause cardiac arrest.
Ingested fluoride forms hydrofluoric acid in the stomach. In this form, fluoride crosses cell membranes and then binds with calcium and interferes with various enzymes. Fluoride is excreted through urine. Fluoride exposure limits are based on urine testing, which is used to determine the human body's capacity for ridding itself of fluoride. [69 ...
The team says that humans have a third set of teeth available as buds, ready to grow as needed. ... This toothpaste contains fluoride and potassium, two of the key ingredients highlighted by Dr ...
Many well-known sources of fluoride may contribute to overexposure including dentifrice/fluoridated mouthrinse (which young children may swallow), excessive ingestion of fluoride toothpaste, bottled waters which are not tested for their fluoride content, inappropriate use of fluoride supplements, ingestion of foods especially imported from ...
Fluoride's effects depend on the total daily intake of fluoride from all sources. [51] About 70–90% of ingested fluoride is absorbed into the blood, where it distributes throughout the body. In infants 80–90% of absorbed fluoride is retained, with the rest excreted, mostly via urine; in adults about 60% is retained.
Most patients with skeletal fluorosis show side effects from the high fluoride dose such as ruptures of the stomach lining and nausea. [4] Fluoride can also damage the parathyroid glands, leading to hyperparathyroidism, the uncontrolled secretion of parathyroid hormones. These hormones regulate calcium concentration in the body.