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Referring to a common salt of fluoride, sodium fluoride (NaF), the lethal dose for most adult humans is estimated at 5 to 10 g (which is equivalent to 32 to 64 mg elemental fluoride/kg body weight). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Ingestion of fluoride can produce gastrointestinal discomfort at doses at least 15 to 20 times lower (0.2–0.3 mg/kg or 10 to 15 ...
The fluoride enhances the strength of teeth by the formation of fluorapatite, a naturally occurring component of tooth enamel. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Although sodium fluoride is used to fluoridate water and is the standard by which other water-fluoridation compounds are gauged, hexafluorosilicic acid (H 2 SiF 6 ) and its salt sodium ...
A 1930s poster from the Work Projects Administration promoting oral hygiene. Tooth decay is the most common global disease. [14] Over 80% of cavities occur inside fissures in teeth where brushing cannot reach food left trapped after eating and saliva and fluoride have no access to neutralize acid and remineralize demineralized teeth, unlike easy-to-clean parts of the tooth, where fewer ...
Ingested fluoride forms hydrofluoric acid in the stomach. In this form, fluoride crosses cell membranes and then binds with calcium and interferes with various enzymes. Fluoride is excreted through urine. Fluoride exposure limits are based on urine testing, which is used to determine the human body's capacity for ridding itself of fluoride. [69 ...
Fluoride toothpaste prevents about 25% of cavities in young permanent teeth, and its effectiveness is improved if higher concentrations of fluoride are used, or if the toothbrushing is supervised. Fluoride mouthwash and gel are about as effective as fluoride toothpaste; fluoride varnish prevents about 45% of cavities. [94]
Fluoride salts, particularly sodium fluoride (NaF), are used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. [13] Symptoms such as fractured hips in the elderly or brittle and weak bones may be caused by fluorine deficiency in the body. [14] Fluoride stimulates bone formation and increases bone density; [15] however, bone with excess fluoride ...
Soluble fluoride salts, of which sodium fluoride is the most common, are toxic, and have resulted in both accidental and self-inflicted deaths from acute poisoning. [4] The lethal dose for most adult humans is estimated at 5 to 10 g (which is equivalent to 32 to 64 mg elemental fluoride per kg body weight).
Disposal of fluoride-laden sludge is problematic. Precipitation is the most well-established and most widely used method, particularly at the community level. However, it has only moderate efficiency and a high chemical dose is required. Excessive use of aluminum salts produces sludge and adverse health effects through aluminum solubility.