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A magnetic core is a piece of magnetic material with a high magnetic permeability used to confine and guide magnetic fields in electrical, electromechanical and magnetic devices such as electromagnets, transformers, electric motors, generators, inductors, loudspeakers, magnetic recording heads, and magnetic assemblies.
A good magnetic core material must have high permeability. [35] For passive magnetic levitation a relative permeability below 1 is needed (corresponding to a negative susceptibility). Permeability varies with a magnetic field. Values shown above are approximate and valid only at the magnetic fields shown.
Mu-metal shields for cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) used in oscilloscopes, from a 1945 electronics magazine. Mu-metal is a soft magnetic alloy with exceptionally high magnetic permeability. The high permeability of mu-metal provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, leading to its use in magnetic shields against static or slowly varying ...
[1] [2] [15] [16] A core can increase the magnetic field to thousands of times the strength of the field of the coil alone, due to the high magnetic permeability of the material. [1] [2] Not all electromagnets use cores, so this is called a ferromagnetic-core or iron-core electromagnet.
Polycrystalline structure of grain oriented electrical steel after coating has been removed.. Electrical steel (E-steel, lamination steel, silicon electrical steel, silicon steel, relay steel, transformer steel) is speciality steel used in the cores of electromagnetic devices such as motors, generators, and transformers because it reduces power loss.
[1] [2] Its saturation flux density of around 2.4 tesla is the highest of any commercially available metal. Coupled with its low coercivity and core losses , its high saturation and permeability makes Permendur useful as magnetic cores in transformers , electric generators and other electrical equipment.
Hysteresis loop Induction B as function of field strength H for H varying between H min and H max; for ferromagnetic material the B has different values for H going up and down, therefore a plot of the function forms a loop instead of a curve joining two points; for perminvar type materials, the loop is a "rectangle" (Domain Structure of Perminvar Having a Rectangular Hysteresis Loop, Williams ...
Saturation puts a practical limit on the maximum magnetic fields achievable in ferromagnetic-core electromagnets and transformers of around 2 T, which puts a limit on the minimum size of their cores. This is one reason why high power motors, generators, and utility transformers are physically large; to conduct the large amounts of magnetic flux ...