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The International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA, is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language. [1] The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants.
When the IPA is used for broad phonetic or for phonemic transcription, the letter–sound correspondence can be rather loose. The IPA has recommended that more 'familiar' letters be used when that would not cause ambiguity. [13] For example, e and o for [ɛ] and [ɔ], t for [t̪] or [ʈ], f for [ɸ], etc.
If there is an IPA symbol you are looking for that you do not see here, see Help:IPA, which is a more complete list. For a table listing all spellings of the sounds on this page, see English orthography § Sound-to-spelling correspondences .
Arguments for the second analysis include the limited distribution of final [c] and [ɲ], the gap in the distribution of [k] and [ŋ] which do not occur after [i] and [e], the pronunciation of ach and anh as [ɛc] and [ɛɲ] in certain conservative central dialects, [20] and the patterning of [k] ~ [c] and [ŋ] ~ [ɲ] in certain reduplicated words.
The IPA uses the same long S for this sound here as anywhere else: itch /ˈɪtʃ/. Similarly, the English consonant J is a sequence with a d sound in it. For instance, in judge, adding the d doesn't affect the consonant sound, just the vowel. In the IPA, this is transcribed /dʒ/: jump /ˈdʒʌmp/, judge /ˈdʒʌdʒ/, or Jesus /ˈdʒiːzəs/.
This template links to an audio file for quick listening. It is meant to be used inline with text where there is no need to further explain the IPA, as in a phonology article. When the article does not explain the IPA, a dedicated IPA template should be used: {} for English, and {} for other languages.
The Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for Disordered Speech, commonly abbreviated extIPA / ɛ k ˈ s t aɪ p ə /, [1] are a set of letters and diacritics devised by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association to augment the International Phonetic Alphabet for the phonetic transcription of disordered speech.
Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.