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For guidance, approximate equivalents in the company law of English-speaking countries are given in most cases, for example: private company limited by shares or Ltd. (United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Commonwealth) public limited company (United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Commonwealth) limited partnership; general partnership; chartered company
Based on English common law, with some provisions of Islamic law. [33] Papua New Guinea: Based on English common law and customary laws of its more than 750 different cultural and language groups. Saint Kitts and Nevis: Based on English common law. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Based on English common law. Singapore
In the jurisdictions of England and Wales and of Northern Ireland, since 2009, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom has the authority to overrule and unify criminal law decisions of lower courts; it is the final court of appeal for civil law cases in all three of the UK jurisdictions, but not for criminal law cases in Scotland, where the ...
By convention, most common law jurisdictions divide the constitutional documents of companies into two separate documents: [1]. the Memorandum of Association (in some countries referred to as the Articles of Incorporation) is the primary document, and will generally regulate the company's activities with the outside world, such as the company's objects and powers.
public company and securities register — the official repository of publicly listed or unlisted companies whose at least one emission of securities was offered for the purpose of free trading to a number of persons exceeding certain threshold (varying according to jurisdiction), thus placing such a company under specific regulatory ...
Cour de cassation in France is an example of a supreme ordinary court.. Ordinary court or judicial court is a type of court with comprehensive subject-matter jurisdiction compared to 'specialized court' with limited jurisdiction over specific field of matters, such as intellectual property court.
Some jurisdictions use criminal and civil systems in parallel, thereby expanding options for pursuing legal accountability for legal persons and for making political judgments on when to use the criminal law in order to maximise the impact of those cases that are prosecuted. The United States’ system of corporate liability is an example of ...
In English law and in legal jurisdictions based upon it, a company is a body corporate or corporation company registered under the Companies Acts or under similar legislation. [8] Common forms include: Private companies limited by guarantee; Community interest company; Charitable incorporated organisation