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A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot.The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 4 1.. Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling ...
Absolutely closed See H-closed Accessible See . Accumulation point See limit point. Alexandrov topology The topology of a space X is an Alexandrov topology (or is finitely generated) if arbitrary intersections of open sets in X are open, or equivalently, if arbitrary unions of closed sets are closed, or, again equivalently, if the open sets are the upper sets of a poset.
A primary concern of algorithmic topology, as its name suggests, is to develop efficient algorithms for solving problems that arise naturally in fields such as computational geometry, graphics, robotics, social science, structural biology, and chemistry, using methods from computable topology. [1] [2] [3]
The following is a list of named topologies or topological spaces, many of which are counterexamples in topology and related branches of mathematics. This is not a list of properties that a topology or topological space might possess; for that, see List of general topology topics and Topological property.
The terms 'nearby', 'arbitrarily small', and 'far apart' can all be made precise by using the concept of open sets. If we change the definition of 'open set', we change what continuous functions, compact sets, and connected sets are. Each choice of definition for 'open set' is called a topology. A set with a topology is called a topological space.
Edelsbrunner and Harer's book gives general guidance on computational topology. [19] One issue that arises in computation is the choice of complex. The Čech complex and the Vietoris–Rips complex are most natural at first glance; however, their size grows rapidly with the number of data points. The Vietoris–Rips complex is preferred over ...
In mathematics, topology is a branch of geometry concerned with the study of topological spaces. The term topology is also used for a set of open sets used to define topological spaces. See the topology glossary for common terms and their definition. Properties of general topological spaces (as opposed to manifolds) are discussed in general ...
In mathematics, a topological space is, roughly speaking, a geometrical space in which closeness is defined but cannot necessarily be measured by a numeric distance.More specifically, a topological space is a set whose elements are called points, along with an additional structure called a topology, which can be defined as a set of neighbourhoods for each point that satisfy some axioms ...