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An enthesophyte, consisting of calcification deposits within the Achilles tendon at its calcaneal insertion. The Achilles tendon is wider than normal, further suggesting inflammation. Enthesophytes are abnormal bony projections at the attachment of a tendon or ligament. [1]
An inferior calcaneal spur consists of a calcification of the calcaneus, which lies superior to the plantar fascia at the insertion of the plantar fascia. A posterior calcaneal spur is often large and palpable through the skin and may need to be removed as part of the treatment of insertional Achilles tendonitis. [3]
Palliative treatments consist of stretching, analgesics, and padding (e.g. cushioned foot wear for plantar fasciitis), splints (e.g. tennis elbow strap), and other treatments. The concept that a calcified attachment can be removed surgically is highly debatable as these calcifications are a regular part of an enthesopathy.
Haglund's deformity is an abnormality of the bone and soft tissues in the foot. An enlargement of the bony section of the heel (where the Achilles tendon is inserted) triggers this condition. The soft tissue near the back of the heel can become irritated when the large, bony lump rubs against rigid shoes.
Osteophyte formation has classically been related to sequential and consequential changes in such processes. Often osteophytes form in osteoarthritic joints as a result of damage and wear from inflammation. Calcification and new bone formation can also occur in response to mechanical damage in joints. [5]
Exostoses are sometimes shaped like spurs, such as calcaneal spurs. Osteomyelitis , a bone infection, may leave the adjacent bone with exostosis formation. Charcot foot , the neuropathic breakdown of the feet seen primarily in diabetics , can also leave bone spurs that may then become symptomatic.
There are five ligaments connecting the calcaneus and the cuboid bone, forming parts of the articular capsule: the dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament. [2] part of the bifurcated ligament. [2] the long plantar ligament. [2] and the plantar calcaneocuboid ligament. [2]
A plantar fascial rupture, is a painful tear in the plantar fascia. The plantar fascia is a connective tissue that spans across the bottom of the foot. [1] The condition plantar fasciitis may increase the likelihood of rupture. [2] A plantar fascial rupture may be mistaken for plantar fasciitis or even a calcaneal fracture.