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Benzonatate was first made available in the United States in 1958 as a prescription medication for the treatment of cough in individuals over the age of 10. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] There is a variety of prescription opioid -based cough relievers, such as hydrocodone and codeine , but have unwanted side effects and potential of abuse and diversion. [ 22 ]
Antitussives, or cough suppressants, are substances which suppress the coughing itself. Examples are dextromethorphan, benzonatate, codeine, hydrocodone, pholcodine, noscapine, cloperastine, and butamirate. Antihistamines, for allergic rhinitis, may produce mild sedation and reduce other associated symptoms, like a runny nose and watery eyes.
Guaifenesin/codeine is a fixed-dose combination cold medicine used for the treatment of cough. [1] It contains guaifenesin, an expectorant; and codeine, as the phosphate, an opioid antitussive. [1]
However, it is confusing when referring benzonatate as the only "non-narcotic antitussive" because narcotic in the Greek sense could refer to diphenhydramine (or Benadryl) which can be used for cough and is significantly sedating. Given all of this, it seems the best term for benzonatate would be "non-opioid antitussive" to avoid this confusion.
The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.
Similar to benzonatate, it is a peripherally acting drug. It has not been reported to cause sedation, euphoria, habituation, or respiratory depression, unlike narcotic antitussives such as codeine. It may work by blocking afferent signals in the reflex arc which controls cough. [3]