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Limestone is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3). Dolomite, CaMg(CO 3) 2, is an uncommon mineral in limestone, and siderite or other carbonate minerals are rare. However, the calcite in limestone often contains a few percent of magnesium. Calcite in limestone is ...
Shelly limestone – Limestone containing many fossils; Travertine – Form of limestone deposited by mineral springs; Tufa – Porous limestone rock formed when carbonate minerals precipitate out of ambient temperature water; The following sections include both formal stratigraphic unit names and less formal designations, although are these ...
In the lime industry, limestone is a general term for rocks that contain 80% or more of calcium or magnesium carbonate, including marble, chalk, oolite, and marl.Further classification is done by composition as high calcium, argillaceous (clayey), silicious, conglomerate, magnesian, dolomite, and other limestones. [5]
Under high pressure and temperature, carbon-containing fluids dissolved various minerals and replaced them with diamonds. Much more recently (hundreds to tens of million years ago), they were carried to the surface in volcanic eruptions and deposited in igneous rocks known as kimberlites and lamproites .
Travertine – Form of limestone deposited by mineral springs; Tufa – Porous limestone rock formed when carbonate minerals precipitate out of ambient temperature water; Turbidite – Geologic deposit of a turbidity current; Wackestone – Mud-supported carbonate rock that contains greater than 10% grains
Shelly limestone is a highly fossiliferous limestone, composed of a number of fossilized organisms such as brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids, sponges, corals and mollusks. It varies in color, texture and hardness. Coquina is a poorly indurated form of shelly limestone. Shelly limestone is a sedimentary rock because it is made up of fragments.
Fossiliferous limestone is a type of limestone that contains noticeable quantities of fossils or fossil traces. If a particular type of fossil dominates, a more specialized term can be used as in " Crinoidal ", "Coralline", "Conchoidal" limestone.
Global distribution of major outcrops of carbonate rocks (mainly limestone, except evaporites). The English word karst was borrowed from German Karst in the late 19th century, [6] which entered German usage much earlier, [7] to describe a number of geological, geomorphological, and hydrological features found within the range of the Dinaric Alps, stretching from the northeastern corner of ...