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Body roll, represented by the character ΙΈ. Body roll is the axial rotation of a vehicle’s body towards the outside of a turn. Body roll occurs because the compliance in vehicle suspension allows the vehicle body, which sits upon the suspension, to lean in the direction of the perceived centrifugal force acting upon the vehicle.
Geometric roll center is solely dictated by the suspension geometry, and can be found using principles of the instant center of rotation.; Force based roll center, according to the US Society of Automotive Engineers, is "The point in the transverse vertical plane through any pair of wheel centers at which lateral forces may be applied to the sprung mass without producing suspension roll".
The roll axis is the line through the front and rear roll centers that the vehicle rolls around during cornering. The distance from this axis to the sprung center of gravity height is the roll moment arm length.
A short long arms suspension (SLA) is also known as an unequal-length double wishbone suspension. The upper arm is typically an A-arm and is shorter than the lower link, which is an A-arm or an L-arm, or sometimes a pair of tension/compression arms. In the latter case, the suspension can be called a multi-link, or dual-ball joint suspension.
A multi-link type rear independent suspension on an AWD car. The anti-roll bar has some yellow paint on it. Independent suspension is any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically (i.e. reacting to a bump on the road) independently of the others.
Honda introduced another variation strut set-up, called "dual-axis", which is used in the suspension design of the Civic Type-R. Another variant of the MacPherson strut is the double pivot front suspension, which splits the lower wishbone into two while retaining the standard upright design of the MacPherson strut.
Front suspension of a race car — the caster angle is formed by the line between upper and lower ball joint An example of a chopper with a raked fork at an extreme caster angle The caster angle [ 1 ] or castor angle [ 2 ] is the angular displacement of the steering axis from the vertical axis of a steered wheel in a car , motorcycle ...
Because the CG is usually not on the roll axis, the lateral force creates a moment about the roll axis that tends to roll the body. (The roll axis is a line that joins the front and rear roll centers [4]). The moment is called the roll couple. Roll couple is resisted by the suspension roll stiffness, which is a function of the spring rate of ...