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RBD is a sleep disorder characterized by the loss of normal skeletal muscle atonia during REM sleep and is associated with prominent motor activity and vivid dreaming. [6] [2] These dreams often involve screaming, shouting, laughing, crying, arm flailing, kicking, punching, choking, and jumping out of bed.
REM sleep is decreased during the first half of the sleep period and stage 1 sleep is increased in the second half of the sleep period. [5] Most antidepressants, in particular selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as citalopram and paroxetine, are potent inhibitors of REM sleep and may also cause a REM rebound on discontinuation.
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals (including humans) and birds, characterized by random rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly. The core body and brain temperatures increase during REM sleep and skin ...
The first three stages are light sleep, deeper sleep, and deepest sleep, all of which are classified as non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The fourth stage is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep ...
The 'multiple sleep latency test' (MSLT) is an objective tool which indicates the degree of sleepiness by measuring the sleep latency (i.e. the speed of falling asleep). [38] [39] It also gives information regarding the presence of abnormal REM sleep onset episodes. [38]
After going through stages of REM-sleep, people with depression report feeling better, in a study done by Cartwright et al. [40] Conversely, a theory proposed by Revonsuo [41] states that when people experience negative emotions or negative events, when they sleep the REM-sleep replays such events, which is known as rehearsal. [39]
EDS can be a symptom of a number of factors and disorders. Specialists in sleep medicine are trained to diagnose them. Some are: Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep ...
Current research on REM sleep found that REM sleep is critical in the processing of episodic emotional memories. [12] When the REM sleep activity in patients with unipolar or bipolar depression were measured, often an increased REM density was found. [13] The increased REM density in unipolar and bipolar depression might have two implications.
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