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Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces. [1] Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively-charged atoms or molecules (cations), but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water. [ 2 ]
There are also amphoteric exchangers that are able to exchange both cations and anions simultaneously. However, the simultaneous exchange of cations and anions is often performed in mixed beds, which contain a mixture of anion- and cation-exchange resins, or passing the solution through several different ion-exchange materials. Ion exchanger.
Cation exchange capacity is the soil's ability to remove cations from the soil water solution and sequester those to be exchanged later as the plant roots release hydrogen ions to the solution. [103] CEC is the amount of exchangeable hydrogen cation (H + ) that will combine with 100 grams dry weight of soil and whose measure is one ...
The degree to which a given amount of lime per unit of soil volume will increase soil pH depends on the buffer capacity of the soil (this is generally related to soil cation exchange capacity or CEC). Most acid soils are saturated with aluminum rather than hydrogen ions. Soil acidity generally results from hydrolysis of aluminum. [4]
Idealized image of cation-exchange resin performing water softening. It shows sodium ions being released by the resin, and replaced with calcium ions captured from water. Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water.
The positively charged species (e.g., sodium) in the D stream migrate toward the negatively charged cathode and pass through the negatively charged cation-exchange membrane. These cations also stay in the C stream, prevented from further migration toward the cathode by the positively charged anion-exchange membrane. [8] As a result of the anion ...
Rates vary over many orders of magnitude. The main factor affecting rates is charge: highly charged metal aquo cations exchange their water more slowly than singly charged cations. Thus, the exchange rates for [Na(H 2 O) 6] + and [Al(H 2 O) 6] 3+ differ by a factor of 10 9. Electron configuration is also a major factor, illustrated by the fact ...
An ion-exchange membrane is generally made of organic or inorganic polymer with charged (ionic) side groups, such as ion-exchange resins. Anion-exchange membranes contain fixed cationic groups with predominantly mobile anions; because anions are the majority species, most of the conductivity is due to anion transport.