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The Coffman engine starter (also known as a "shotgun starter") was a starting system used on many piston engines in aircraft and armored vehicles of the 1930s and 1940s. It used a cordite cartridge to move a piston, which cranked the engine.
The Coffman starter was an explosive cartridge operated device, the burning gases either operating directly in the cylinders to rotate the engine or operating through a geared drive. First introduced on the Junkers Jumo 205 diesel engine in 1936 the Coffman starter was not widely used by civil operators due to the expense of the cartridges. [11]
Mk VIs were built with the Coffman cartridge starter, with a small teardrop fairing just ahead of the compressor intake. [ 100 ] The engine was a Rolls-Royce Merlin 47 driving a four-bladed Rotol propeller of 10 ft 9 in (3.27 m) diameter; the new propeller provided increased thrust at high altitudes, where the atmosphere is much thinner.
Early Mk IXs had a teardrop shaped blister (a bulge) for a Coffman engine starter [nb 1] on the lower starboard side cowling, just behind the propeller. This was replaced by an improved electric starter on most two-stage Merlin powered Spitfires and, from late 1942 the blister like bulge was seen on only a few aircraft.
Coffman cartridge starter. First version of Merlin to use 30/70% glycol/water coolant with reinforced construction, able to use constant boost pressure of up to +12 psi (83 kPa) using 100 octane fuel. [8] First production Merlin XII, 2 September 1939. [6] [9] Merlin XX (RM 3SM) 1,280 hp (954 kW) at 3,000 rpm
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An automobile starter motor (larger cylinder). The smaller object on top is a starter solenoid which controls power to the starter motor and engages the Bendix drive.. A starter (also self-starter, cranking motor, or starter motor) is a device used to rotate (crank) an internal-combustion engine so as to initiate the engine's operation under its own power.
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