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In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
In HTML 4, there is a standard set of 252 named character entities for characters - some common, some obscure - that are either not found in certain character encodings or are markup sensitive in some contexts (for example angle brackets and quotation marks). Although any Unicode character can be referenced by its numeric code point, some HTML ...
External entities are not supported in basic profiles for SGML or in HTML documents, but are valid in full implementations of SGML and in XML 1.0 or 1.1 (including XHTML and SVG, even if they are not strictly needed in those document types). An example of internal entity declarations (here in an internal DTD subset of an SGML document) is:
In the first example, without an LRM control character, a web browser will render the ++ on the left of the "C" because the browser recognizes that the paragraph is in a right-to-left text and applies punctuation, which is neutral as to its direction, according to the direction of the adjacent text. The LRM control character causes the ...
HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called tags (and their attributes), character-based data types, character references and entity references. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like < h1 > and </ h1 >, although some represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example < img >.
JHTML stands for Java within HTML.This is a page authoring system developed at Art Technology Group (ATG). Files with a ".jhtml" filename extension contain standard HTML tags in addition to proprietary tags that reference Java objects running on a special server set up to handle requests for pages of this sort.
Other references for entity names should be shown for historical reasons since some entity names have been associated with different characters over time (examples are 'lang' and 'rang' from U+2329 and U+232A to U+27E8 and U+27E9 respectively). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Joejava (talk • contribs) 17:04, 16 November 2012 (UTC)
In HTML DOM (Document Object Model), every element is a node: [4] A document is a document node. All HTML elements are element nodes. All HTML attributes are attribute nodes. Text inserted into HTML elements are text nodes. Comments are comment nodes.