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Office vacant May 30, 1988 – December 1, 1988 [e] 11: Benazir Bhutto. بے نظیر بھٹو (1953–2007) 2 December 1988 6 August 1990 1 year, 247 days 1988: Pakistan Peoples Party: Bhutto became the first woman in Pakistan to head a major political party, in 1982. Six years later, she became the first woman elected to lead a Muslim state.
The National Anthem of Pakistan, [a] also known by its incipit "The Sacred Land", [b] is the national anthem of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and formerly the Dominion of Pakistan. [1] First composed by Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949, lyrics in Persified Urdu were later written by Hafeez Jalandhari in 1952.
Although Urdu is widely spoken and understood throughout all of Pakistan, [137] only 9% of Pakistan's population spoke Urdu according to the 2023 Pakistani census. [138] Most of the nearly three million Afghan refugees of different ethnic origins (such as Pashtun , Tajik , Uzbek , Hazarvi , and Turkmen ) who stayed in Pakistan for over twenty ...
The National Language Promotion Department (Urdu: اِدارۀ فروغِ قومی زُبان Idāra-ē Farōġ-ē Qaumī Zabān [ɪ.ˈd̪aː.rə.eː fə.ˈroːɣ.eː ˈqɔː.mi zə.ˈbaːn]), formerly known as the National Language Authority (or Urdu Language Authority), [1] is an autonomous regulatory institution established in 1979 to support the advancement and promotion of Urdu, which is ...
In Pakistan, almost everything in Urdu is written in the script, concentrating the greater part of Nastaʿlīq usage in the world. The phrase zubān-e-Urdū-e-muʿallā ("the language of the exalted camp") written in Nastaʿlīq script [67] Lashkari Zabān title in Naskh script. The Urdu alphabet is a right-to-left alphabet.
In 1977, the Board published the first edition of Urdu Lughat, a 22-volume comprehensive dictionary of the Urdu language. [2] The dictionary had 20,000 pages, including 220,000 words. [3] In 2009, Pakistani feminist poet Fahmida Riaz was appointed as the Chief Editor of the Board. [4] In 2010, the Board published one last edition Urdu Lughat. [3]
Anjuman in Pakistan is known as Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu (Pakistan) – (انجُمنِ ترقیِ اردو (پاکستان. [3] Abdul Haq, the Anjuman's secretary and one of its pioneering members, shifted to Pakistan in 1947 following its independence. The Anjuman played a decisive role in the Pakistan Movement. [7]
Urdu was the dominant native language among Christians of Karachi and Lahore in present-day Pakistan and Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan in India, during the early part of the 19th and 20th century, and is still used by Christians in these places. Pakistani and Indian Christians often used the Roman script for writing Urdu.