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In physical cosmology, baryogenesis (also known as baryosynthesis [1] [2]) is the physical process that is hypothesized to have taken place during the early universe to produce baryonic asymmetry, i.e. the imbalance of matter and antimatter (antibaryons) in the observed universe. [3]
The Affleck–Dine mechanism (AD mechanism) is a postulated mechanism for explaining baryogenesis during the primordial Universe immediately following the Big Bang. Thus, the AD mechanism may explain the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the current Universe. It was proposed in 1985 by Ian Affleck and Michael Dine of Princeton ...
The maximum upper limit on proton lifetime (if unstable), is calculated at 6 × 10 39 years, a bound applicable to SUSY models, [16] with a maximum for (minimal) non-SUSY GUTs at 1.4 × 10 36 years. [16] (part 5.6) Although the phenomenon is referred to as "proton decay", the effect would also be seen in neutrons bound inside atomic nuclei.
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... the characteristic scale length of the universe was the Planck length, 1.6 × 10 −35 m, ... For baryogenesis to occur, ...
A visual representation of the division order of universal forces. In physical cosmology, the quark epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the fundamental interactions of gravitation, electromagnetism, the strong interaction and the weak interaction had taken their present forms, but the temperature of the universe was still too high to allow quarks to bind together ...
However, the Standard Model is known to violate the conservation of baryon number only non-perturbatively: a global U(1) anomaly. To account for baryon violation in baryogenesis, such events (including proton decay) can occur in Grand Unification Theories (GUTs) and supersymmetric (SUSY) models via hypothetical massive bosons such as the X boson.
A cosmological phase transition is an overall change in the state of matter across the whole universe. The success of the Big Bang model led researchers to conjecture possible cosmological phase transitions taking place in the very early universe, at a time when it was much hotter and denser than today. [1] [2]
Primordial fluctuations are density variations in the early universe which are considered the seeds of all structure in the universe. Currently, the most widely accepted explanation for their origin is in the context of cosmic inflation .