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This procedure is often used as a post-hoc test whenever a significant difference between three or more sample means has been revealed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). [1] The Newman–Keuls method is similar to Tukey's range test as both procedures use studentized range statistics.
The new multiple range test proposed by Duncan makes use of special protection levels based upon degrees of freedom. Let γ 2 , α = 1 − α {\displaystyle \gamma _{2,\alpha }={1-\alpha }} be the protection level for testing the significance of a difference between two means; that is, the probability that a significant difference between two ...
In a scientific study, post hoc analysis (from Latin post hoc, "after this") consists of statistical analyses that were specified after the data were seen. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are usually used to uncover specific differences between three or more group means when an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is significant. [ 3 ]
Tukey's range test, also known as Tukey's test, Tukey method, Tukey's honest significance test, or Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test, [1] is a single-step multiple comparison procedure and statistical test.
Post-hoc analysis of "observed power" is conducted after a study has been completed, and uses the obtained sample size and effect size to determine what the power was in the study, assuming the effect size in the sample is equal to the effect size in the population. Whereas the utility of prospective power analysis in experimental design is ...
Not all statistical packages support post-hoc analysis for Friedman's test, but user-contributed code exists that provides these facilities (for example in SPSS, [10] and in R. [11]). The R package titled PMCMRplus contains numerous non-parametric methods for post-hoc analysis after Friedman, [12] including support for the Nemenyi test.
Compromise analyses find implied power based on the beta/alpha ratio, or q, and inputted values for effect size and sample size. Criterion analyses calculate the required alpha value based on the inputted power, effect size, and sample size. Post hoc analyses find actual power based on the inputted alpha, sample size, and effect size.
A very different desired outcome for Rodger's method was conveyed in this statement by Roberts: "Will Rodger’s method continue to be used by only a few researchers, become extinct, or supplant most or all of the currently popular post hoc procedures following ANOVA? This article and the SPS computer program constitute an attempted ...