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Frank Earl Birch (November 11, 1883) was a college football and basketball referee [1] who first introduced signals. [2] [3] In 1920, he passed out cards to coaches and the press with a code of twelve gestures. [4] [5] He was a graduate of Earlham College. [6] He married Margaret Johnson. [7] He was also once mayor of Sterling, Illinois. [8]
Three signals indicate when the time to shoot has expired: A value of 0.0 on the shot clock itself; An audible horn distinct from the scoreboard operator's signal for end of period and substitutions; A yellow strip of lights on the backboard. The NBA (since 2011) and FIBA (since July 2018) require this.
Pages in category "College men's basketball referees in the United States" The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
Henry O. "Hammerin' Hank" Nichols (born July 20, 1936 [1]) is an American college basketball referee and later supervisor of officials. In 2012, he was inducted as a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. [2]
Basketball Referee watches players closely during the WNBA finals. In basketball, an official (usually called a referee) enforces the rules and maintains order in the game.. The title of official also applies to the scorers and timekeepers, as well as other personnel that have an active task in maintaining the ga
In 1990, Kantner was a referee at an exhibition game for the LSU Tigers men's basketball team. At the time, she was part of the first-ever "major college men's game" to only have women referees alongside Patty Broderick and June Corteau. [10] During 1992, she worked for the Big Ten Conference and five other conferences simultaneously. [8]
Edward E. "Ed" Hightower is an American educator and former college basketball referee.. Hightower has refereed 12 NCAA Division 1 Final Fours. [1] He also officiated the 1990 World Championship of Basketball in South America, the European Basketball Championship in 1993, and the Goodwill Games in 1994 and 1998.
Matthew P. "Pat" Kennedy (January 28, 1908 – June 16, 1957) was an American basketball referee. A native of Hoboken, New Jersey, Kennedy officiated over 4,000 games from the 1928 to 1956. He worked for the NBA, NCAA, and Harlem Globetrotters and became well known for his intense, theatrical style of calling plays.