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In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Typically, the signaling process involves three components: the signal, the receptor, and the effector.
In cell biology, there are a multitude of signalling pathways. Cell signalling is part of the molecular biology system that controls and coordinates the actions of cells. Akt/PKB signalling pathway; AMPK signalling pathway; cAMP-dependent pathway; Eph/ephrin signalling pathway; Hedgehog signalling pathway; Hippo signalling pathway
Signal Transduction - The Virtual Library of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology; TRANSPATH(R) - A database about signal transduction pathways; Science's STKE - Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment, from the journal Science, published by AAAS. Signal+Transduction at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ...
Oscillations are an important type of cell signaling characterized by the periodic change of the system in time. [1] Oscillations can take place in a biological system in a multitude of ways. Positive feedback loops, on their own or in combination with negative feedback are a common feature of oscillating biological systems. [2]
Receptor proteins on the cell surface have the ability to bind specific signaling molecules secreted by other cells. Cell signaling allows cells to communicate with adjacent cells, nearby cells and even distant cells . This binding induces a conformational change in the receptor which, in turn, elicits a response in the corresponding cell.
The upstream signaling pathway is triggered by the binding of a signaling molecule, a ligand, to a receiving molecule, a receptor. Receptors and ligands exist in many different forms, and only recognize/bond to particular molecules. Upstream extracellular signaling transduce a variety of intracellular cascades. [1]
Phosphorylated ITAMs serve as docking sites for other proteins containing a SH2 domain, usually two domains in tandem, inducing a signaling cascade mediated by Syk family kinases (which are the primary proteins that bind to phosphorylated ITAMs), namely either Syk or ZAP-70, resulting mostly in the activation of given cell. Paradoxically, in ...
In cellular biology, the Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors. The name Wnt, pronounced "wint", is a portmanteau created from the names Wingless and Int-1. [ 1 ]