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It comprises the four countries of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The UK operates a system of devolution from a central UK parliament and prime minister as head of government , to the devolved legislatures of the Scottish Parliament , Senedd and Northern Ireland Assembly with their respective first ministers .
The state known today as Ireland is the successor state to the Irish Free State, which existed from December 1922 to December 1937.At its foundation, the Irish Free State was, in accordance with its constitution and the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, governed as a constitutional monarchy, in personal union with the monarchy of the United Kingdom and other members of what was then called the ...
Under British constitutional legal theory, the Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) Act 1922 held the force of law because of the enactment of the United Kingdom's Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922. However, under Irish law the constitution "derived its authority not from the Act of the imperial parliament passed on ...
The Irish government amended the Irish act in 1933, [9] and the 1937 constitution repealed the entire Free State constitution. [10] The UK Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ruled in 1935 that the 1933 Act had implicitly amended the UK Act with respect to the jurisdiction of the Free State.
The Irish Free State (Consequential Provisions) Act 1922 (Session 2) [1] was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed on 5 December 1922. The Act dealt with a number of matters concerning the Irish Free State, which was established on the day after the Act became law; it also modified the Government of Ireland Act 1920 in relation to Northern Ireland.
On the formation of the Irish Free State in 1922, the commission was reconstituted by the Land Law (Commission) Act 1923, [27] which also dissolved the Congested Districts Board. The Land Act 1923 adopted many proposals for a final land settlement from decisions reached during the Irish Convention in 1918 under the chairmanship of Horace Plunkett .
Until 1933, Article 66 of the Constitution of the Irish Free State permitted appeals of decisions of the Supreme Court of the Irish Free State [n 1] to be made to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in London. [2] [3] This was a requirement of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, which underpinned the creation of the Irish Free State.
It is the second constitution of the Irish state since independence, replacing the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State. [1] It came into force on 29 December 1937 following a statewide plebiscite held on 1 July 1937.