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Injection drug users that re-use drug delivery components put themselves and others at risk for diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, as well as increase their chances of getting a serious infection. [12] [13] In 2015, the CDC performed an HIV Surveillance Report and attributed 2,392 (6%) of new HIV diagnoses to IV drug use in the US.
A 2014 systematic review and meta-analysis found evidence that NEPs were effective in reducing HIV transmission among injection drug users, but that other harm reduction programmes have probably also contributed to the decrease in HIV incidence. [84] NEPs appear to be as effective in low- and middle-income countries as in high-income ones. [85]
[33] [34] [35] Injection drug users have high rates of unsafe needle use including sharing needles between people. [36] The spread of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C from injection drug use is a common health problem, [37] in particular contributing to over half of new HIV cases in North America in 1994. [7]
From 1933 to 1943, malaria was spread between users in the New York City area by this method. Afterwards, the use of quinine as a cutting agent in drug mixes became more common. [4] Harm reduction efforts including safe disposal of needles, supervised injection sites, and public education may help bring awareness on safer needle sharing practices.
An injection room was not originally conceived, however, drug users began to use the facility for this purpose, and this soon became the most attractive aspect of the café. After discussions with the police and legislature, the café was turned into the first legally sanctioned drug consumption facility provided that no one under the age of 18 ...
Challenges encountered by people engaging in injection drug use include limited access to healthcare providers, expense of medication, and follow-up for HIV testing. [92] Cisgender women believe they are at low risk for HIV transmission even though they meet eligibility requirements for PrEP. [97]