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In humans, the mandible, or lower jaw, is connected to the temporal bone of the skull via the temporomandibular joint. This is an extremely complex joint which permits movement in all planes. The muscles of mastication originate on the skull and insert into the mandible, thereby allowing for jaw movements during contraction.
The jaw elevator muscles develop the main forces used in mastication. The force generated during routine mastication of food such as carrots or meat is about 70 to 150 newtons (16 to 34 lbf ). The maximum masticatory force in some people may reach up to 500 to 700 newtons (110 to 160 lbf ).
Eating food which does not require chewing, by choice or for medical reasons as tooth loss, is known as a soft diet. Such a diet may lead to inadequate nutrition due to a reduction in fruit and vegetable intake. [8] Chewing also stimulates the hippocampus and is necessary to maintain its normal function. [9]
A college student had to have her jaw wired shut and live off a liquid diet after the popular jawbreaker candy lived up to its name, fracturing her jaw in two places. Javeria Wasim, 19, says she ...
In many people with hyperacusis, an increased activity develops in the tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear as part of the startle response to some sounds. This lowered reflex threshold for tensor tympani contraction is activated by the perception/anticipation of loud sound, and is called tonic tensor tympani syndrome (TTTS). In some people ...
Due to the proximity of the ear to the temporomandibular joint, TMJ pain can often be confused with ear pain. [23] The pain may be referred in around half of all patients and experienced as otalgia (earache). [50] Conversely, TMD is an important possible cause of secondary otalgia.
If you are, “You can either put your hand over your heart, take a deep breath, and tell yourself to stop, or you can snap your wrist with a rubber band,” she says. The latter is “the mean ...
Bone conduction is the conduction of sound to the inner ear primarily through the bones of the skull, allowing the hearer to perceive audio content even if the ear canal is blocked. Bone conduction transmission occurs constantly as sound waves vibrate bone, specifically the bones in the skull, although it is hard for the average individual to ...