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It is therefore the maximum value for variables declared as integers (e.g., as int) in many programming languages. The data type time_t, used on operating systems such as Unix, is a signed integer counting the number of seconds since the start of the Unix epoch (midnight UTC of 1 January 1970), and is often implemented as a 32-bit integer. [8]
A floating-point variable can represent a wider range of numbers than a fixed-point variable of the same bit width at the cost of precision. A signed 32-bit integer variable has a maximum value of 2 31 − 1 = 2,147,483,647, whereas an IEEE 754 32-bit base-2 floating-point variable has a maximum value of (2 − 2 −23) × 2 127 ≈ 3.4028235 ...
[a] Thus, a signed 32-bit integer can only represent integer values from −(2 31) to 2 31 − 1 inclusive. Consequently, if a signed 32-bit integer is used to store Unix time, the latest time that can be stored is 2 31 − 1 (2,147,483,647) seconds after epoch, which is 03:14:07 on Tuesday, 19 January 2038. [ 7 ]
The number 4,294,967,295, equivalent to the hexadecimal value FFFFFFFF 16, is the maximum value for a 32-bit unsigned integer in computing. [6] It is therefore the maximum value for a variable declared as an unsigned integer (usually indicated by the unsigned codeword) in many programming languages running on modern computers. The presence of ...
A 32-bit register can store 2 32 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 32 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 4,294,967,295 (2 32 − 1) for representation as an binary number, and −2,147,483,648 (−2 31) through 2,147,483,647 (2 31 − 1) for representation as two's complement.
The limit is created by the 32-bit integer limit (2,147,483,647), which is the largest possible integer that can be represented by 32 binary digits. In a computer with a 32-bit architecture , the memory address stored in one of the CPU registers will be limited to this number, thus the number of possible memory locations that can be addressed ...
Programmers may also incorrectly assume that a pointer can be converted to an integer without loss of information, which may work on (some) 32-bit computers, but fail on 64-bit computers with 64-bit pointers and 32-bit integers. This issue is resolved by C99 in stdint.h in the form of intptr_t.
However, a binary number system with base −2 is also possible. The rightmost bit represents (−2) 0 = +1, the next bit represents (−2) 1 = −2, the next bit (−2) 2 = +4 and so on, with alternating sign. The numbers that can be represented with four bits are shown in the comparison table below.