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Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.05%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4.5%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grain" that is visible when it is etched, rusted, or bent to failure.
A flush door is a completely smooth door, having plywood or MDF fixed over a light timber frame, the hollow parts of which are often filled with a cardboard core material. [citation needed] Skins can also be made out of hardboards, the first of which was invented by William H Mason in 1924.
Architectural ironmongery includes door handles, closers, locks, cylinder pulls and hinges (door furniture), window fittings, cupboard fittings, iron railings, handrails, balustrades, switches and sockets. The term is sometimes used to distinguish between these items and retail of consumer goods sold in ironmongers' shops or hardware stores.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. Device to open or close door Various examples of door handles throughout history A door handle or doorknob is a handle used to open or close a door. Door handles can be found on all types of doors including: exterior doors of residential and commercial buildings, internal doors, cupboard ...
Iron treated this way is said to be wrought (worked), and the resulting iron, with reduced amounts of slag, is called wrought iron or bar iron. Because of the creation process, individual blooms can often have differing carbon contents between the original top and bottom surfaces, differences that will also be somewhat blended together through ...
Cast iron development lagged in Europe because wrought iron was the desired product and the intermediate step of producing cast iron involved an expensive blast furnace and further refining of pig iron to cast iron, which then required a labor and capital intensive conversion to wrought iron.