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IBM's long-standing standard, AT (Advanced Technology), was superseded in 1995 by the current industry standard ATX (Advanced Technology Extended), [1] which still governs the size and design of the motherboard in most modern PCs. The latest update to the ATX standard was released in 2007.
They also present a shorter variant named Mini-DTX which is smaller in PCB size of 8 × 6.7 inches (203 × 170 mm). [2] The specification provides for up to 2 expansion slots on a DTX motherboard, in the same position as the top two slots on an ATX or microATX board. The spec also provides for optional ExpressCard expansion slots on DTX ...
Other standards for smaller boards (including microATX, FlexATX, nano-ITX, and mini-ITX) usually keep the basic rear layout but reduce the size of the board and the number of expansion slots. Dimensions of a full-size ATX board are 12 × 9.6 in (305 × 244 mm), which allows many ATX chassis to accept microATX boards. The ATX specifications were ...
A typical motherboard will have a different number of connections depending on its standard and form factor. A standard, modern ATX motherboard will typically have two or three PCI-Express x16 connection for a graphics card, one or two legacy PCI slots for various expansion cards, and one or two PCI-E x1 (which has superseded PCI).
BTX form factor motherboard inside a Dell Dimension E520. Pico BTX is a motherboard form factor that is meant to miniaturize the 12.8 × 10.5 in (325 × 267 mm) BTX standard. Pico BTX motherboards measure 8 × 10.5 in (203 × 267 mm). This is smaller than many current "micro"-sized motherboards, hence the name "pico". These motherboards share a ...
FlexATX specifies that a motherboard be no larger than 9 × 7.5 in (229 × 191 mm), and can have no more than three expansion slots. The term is used also for the form factor of a PSU that is smaller than a standard ATX PSU and is used in small cases that host a FlexATX or Mini-ITX motherboard or in thin rackmount servers such as 1U racks .
This allowed for standard form factor motherboards and chassis to be used to integrate processors with more demanding thermal management requirements. Bigger than ATX, maximum WTX motherboard size was 14 × 16.75 in (356 × 425 mm). This was intended to provide more room in order to accommodate higher numbers of integrated components.
The maximum size of a microATX motherboard is 9.6 × 9.6 in (244 × 244 mm). However, there are examples of motherboards using microATX designation despite having a smaller size of 244 × 205 mm (9.6 × 8.1 in). [4] [5] The standard ATX size is 25% longer, at 12 × 9.6 in (305 × 244 mm).