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Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell, non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system.They arise during development from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), [8] which can be identified by their expression of a number of antigens, including the ganglioside GD3, [9] [10] [11] the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, and the platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor subunit (PDGF ...
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells, NG2-glia, O2A cells, or polydendrocytes, are a subtype of glia in the central nervous system named for their essential role as precursors to oligodendrocytes and myelin. [1] They are typically identified in the human by co-expression of PDGFRA and CSPG4.
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Immature oligodendrocyte: Sometimes referred to as premyelinating oligodendrocytes, these cells extend "pioneer processes" which contact axons and anchor premyelinating oligodendrocytes to neurons such that they are poised to commence myelinogenesis in response to axonal signals. These pioneer processes grow longitudinally along their target axons.
Only the resident oligodendrocyte precursor cells seem to keep this ability once the nervous system matures. Glial cells are known to be capable of mitosis . By contrast, scientific understanding of whether neurons are permanently post-mitotic , [ 28 ] or capable of mitosis, [ 29 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] is still developing.
The scar presents sharp borders and oligodendrocyte degeneration, with a rim of normal appearing white matter. There is a lack of oligodendrocytes in the center of the scar. There is no complement activation or MAG loss. The meaning of this fact is controversial. For some investigation teams it means that MS is a heterogeneous disease.
50913 Ensembl ENSG00000205927 ENSMUSG00000039830 UniProt Q13516 Q9EQW6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005806 NM_016967 RefSeq (protein) NP_005797 NP_058663 Location (UCSC) Chr 21: 33.03 – 33.03 Mb Chr 16: 91.02 – 91.03 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Oligodendrocyte transcription factor (OLIG2) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor encoded by the OLIG2 gene ...
Micrograph showing gliosis in the cerebellum. Reactive astrocytes on the left display severe proliferation and domain overlap. Reactive astrogliosis is the most common form of gliosis and involves the proliferation of astrocytes, a type of glial cell responsible for maintaining extracellular ion and neurotransmitter concentrations, modulating synapse function, and forming the blood–brain ...