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TestDisk can recover deleted files especially if the file was not fragmented and the clusters have not been reused. There are two file recovery mechanisms in the TestDisk package: [2] TestDisk proper uses knowledge of the filesystem structure to perform "undelete". PhotoRec is a "file carver". It does not need any knowledge of the file system ...
In the majority of these cases, at least a portion of the original data can be recovered by repairing the damaged partition table or file system using specialized data recovery software such as TestDisk; software like ddrescue can image media despite intermittent errors, and image raw data when there is partition table or file system damage ...
In my case this was a LVM logical volume containing an ext2 filesystem: You can now access this with TestDisk specifying the image copied to reliable media with ddrescue on the command line. The partition type is None (in my case because the image object is not a partition) Select Analyse. Select QuickSearch, but stop it ("S").
This means the data is still present on the filesystem, but only until some or all of it is overwritten by new file data. To recover these "lost" files, PhotoRec first tries to find the data block (or cluster) size. If the filesystem is not corrupted, this value can be read from the superblock (ext2/ext3/ext4) or volume boot record (FAT, NTFS).
The ZFS filesystem was designed to immediately write data to a sector that reports as bad or takes an excessively long time to read (such as non-TLER drives); this will usually force an immediate sector remap on a weak sector in most drives. [citation needed]
The primary purpose of SystemRescue is to repair unbootable or otherwise damaged computer systems after a system crash. SystemRescue is not intended to be used as a permanent operating system . It runs from a Live CD , a USB flash drive or any type of hard drive.
For example, a failure affecting file system metadata can result in multiple files being partially damaged or made completely inaccessible as the file system is used in its corrupted state. Countermeasures
It verifies the integrity of the file system on a volume (usually a partition) and attempts to fix logical file system errors. Logical errors are typically defined as software-level problems with a filesystem (or its metadata ) as a result of prior software malfunction (e.g. crashes) or irregular use (e.g. hard resets).