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Jaina traditions believe that there exist Abhavya (incapable), or a class of souls that can never attain moksha (liberation). [ 126 ] [ 124 ] The Abhavya state of soul is entered after an intentional and shockingly evil act, [ 127 ] but Jaina texts also polemically applied Abhavya condition to those who belonged to a competing ancient Indian ...
Hindu philosophy or Vedic philosophy is the set of philosophical ... दर्शन; meaning: "viewpoint or ... Some believe that Shankara is a "closet Buddhist ...
Due to its acceptance of the Vedas, āstika philosophy, in the original sense, is often equivalent to Hindu philosophy: philosophy that developed alongside the Hindu religion. Āstika (Sanskrit: आस्तिक; from Sanskrit: asti, 'there is, there exists') means one who believes in the existence of a Self or Brahman, etc.
[17] This may also allude to the philosophy's hedonistic precepts of "eat, drink, and be merry". [18] Others believe it to mean "agreeable speech" or pejoratively, "sweet-tongued", from Sanskrit's cāru "agreeable" and vāc "speech" (which becomes vāk in the nominative singular and in compounds). Yet another hypothesis is that it is eponymous ...
Buddhism shares many philosophical views with other Indian systems, such as belief in karma – a cause-and-effect relationship, samsara – ideas about cyclic afterlife and rebirth, dharma – ideas about ethics, duties and values, impermanence of all material things and of body, and possibility of spiritual liberation (nirvana or moksha).
From this, one meaning of Vedānta is "the end of the Vedas" or "the ultimate knowledge of the Vedas". Veda can also mean "knowledge" in general, so Vedānta can be taken to mean "the end, conclusion or finality of knowledge". Vedānta is one of six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy.
Maya is one of three causes of failure to reach right belief. The other two are Mithyatva (false belief) [91] and Nidana (hankering after fame and worldly pleasures). [92] Maya is a closely related concept to Mithyatva, with Maya a source of wrong information while Mithyatva an individual's attitude to knowledge, with relational overlap.
This belief is observed through nirguni Bhakti by the Sikhs. [ 145 ] [ 146 ] In Gauri, which is part of the Guru Granth Sahib , Brahman is declared as "One without a second", in Sri Rag "everything is born of Him, and is finally absorbed in Him", in Var Asa "whatever we see or hear is the manifestation of Brahman". [ 147 ]