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The Brazilian Black Front (Frente Negra Brasileira), Brazil's first black political party, was founded in 1931 to fight racism but was disbanded six years later during Getúlio Vargas's New State period (1937–1945), which restricted political activities. Although this period was repressive, Vargas's 1931 Law of Naturalization of Labor ...
"African" or the black population at the time in Brazil did not only characterize those who were born in Africa but also the descendants of the "African- borns" who were born in Brazil. [7] Due to the removal of the slave status and property requirements for the black population, it resulted in the formal equality of the white and black population.
Because the country has a long history of miscegenation, color lines in Brazil have long been blurred. [6] At the same time, more and more people see themselves as Black and seek to reclaim their Blackness due to the Black pride and Black power movements. [7] [8] The Brazilian census organizes the population into five, albeit imperfect, racial ...
African slaves in Brazil from several nations (Rugendas, c. 1830).Overall, both in colonial times and in the 19th century, the cultural identity of European origin was the most valued in Brazil, while Afro-Brazilian cultural manifestations were often neglected, discouraged and even prohibited.
Racial whitening, or "whitening" (branqueamento), is an ideology that was widely accepted in Brazil between 1889 and 1914, [1] as the solution to the "Negro problem".[2] [3] Whitening in Brazil is a sociological term to explain the change in perception of one's race, from darker to lighter identifiers, as a person rises in the class structure of Brazil. [4]
Branqueamento was circulated in national policy throughout Brazil in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [10] [11] Branqueamento policies emerged in the aftermath of the abolition of slavery and the beginning of Brazil's first republic (1888–1889). To dilute the black race, the Brazilian government took measures to increase European ...
Webster's Third International Dictionary holds that it may have come from the Kongo word nzambu ('monkey'). The Royal Spanish Academy gives the origin from a Latin word, possibly the adjective valgus [4] or another modern Spanish term (patizambo), both of which translate to 'bow-legged'. [5] [6] The equivalent term in Brazil is cafuzo.
Portuguese immigrants arriving in Rio de Janeiro European immigrants arriving in São Paulo. The Brazilian population was formed by the influx of Portuguese settlers and African slaves, mostly Bantu and West African populations [4] (such as the Yoruba, Ewe, and Fanti-Ashanti), into a territory inhabited by various indigenous South American tribal populations, mainly Tupi, Guarani and Ge.