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  2. Codes for electromagnetic scattering by spheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codes_for_electromagnetic...

    This program calculates the scattering, absorption, and attenuation parameters, as well as the angular scattering patterns of a single coated sphere according to Aden-Kerker theory. 2007 L. Liu, H. Wang, B. Yu, Y. Xu, J. Shen [15] C: Unknown Light scattering by a coated sphere (extinction efficiency, scattering efficiency, light scattering ...

  3. Transfer-matrix method (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-matrix_method...

    Although the scattering length density profile is normally a continuously varying function, the interfacial structure can often be well approximated by a slab model in which layers of thickness (d n), scattering length density (ρ n) and roughness (σ n,n+1) are sandwiched between the super- and sub-phases. One then uses a refinement procedure ...

  4. Scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering

    The main difference between the effects of single and multiple scattering is that single scattering can usually be treated as a random phenomenon, whereas multiple scattering, somewhat counterintuitively, can be modeled as a more deterministic process because the combined results of a large number of scattering events tend to average out.

  5. Electron scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_scattering

    Single scattering: when an electron is scattered just once. Plural scattering: when electron(s) scatter several times. Multiple scattering: when electron(s) scatter many times over. The likelihood of an electron scattering and the degree of the scattering is a probability function of the specimen thickness and the mean free path. [6]

  6. Category : Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer (optics)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Scattering...

    This category deals with scattering and absorption of electromagnetic radiation by particles, molecules, and surfaces including multiple scattering effects (in other words, radiative transfer). See also: Category:Scattering

  7. Dynamical theory of diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_theory_of...

    The dynamical theory of diffraction considers the wave field in the periodic potential of the crystal and takes into account all multiple scattering effects. Unlike the kinematic theory of diffraction which describes the approximate position of Bragg or Laue diffraction peaks in reciprocal space , dynamical theory corrects for refraction, shape ...

  8. Albedo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo

    While directional-hemispherical reflectance factor is calculated for a single angle of incidence (i.e., for a given position of the Sun), albedo is the directional integration of reflectance over all solar angles in a given period. The temporal resolution may range from seconds (as obtained from flux measurements) to daily, monthly, or annual ...

  9. Particle size analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size_analysis

    The application of LD PSAs is also normally restricted to dilute suspensions. This is because the optical models used to estimate the particle size distribution (PSD) are based on a single scattering approximation. In practice, most industrial processes require measuring concentrated suspensions, where multiple scattering becomes a prominent ...