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He administered solutions of finely powdered tea leaves or coffee beans to the larvae and observed, at concentrations between 0.3 and 10% for coffee and 0.1 to 3% for tea, inhibition of feeding, associated with hyperactivity and tremor. At higher concentrations, larvae were killed within 24 hours.
Barbiturates, such as phenobarbital, were long used as anxiolytics and hypnotics. Intermediate-acting barbiturates reduce time to fall asleep, increase total sleep time, and reduce REM sleep time. Today they have been largely replaced by benzodiazepines for these purposes because the latter are less toxic in drug overdose.
Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitone or phenobarb, sold under the brand name Luminal among others, is a medication of the barbiturate type. [6] It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of certain types of epilepsy in developing countries . [ 8 ]
The toxic effects are additive to those of alcohol and benzodiazepines. [3] The lethal dose varies with a person's tolerance and how the drug is taken. [3] The effects of barbiturates occur via the GABA neurotransmitter. [2] Exposure may be verified by testing the urine or blood. [4] While once a common cause of overdose, barbiturates are now a ...
Phenobarbital can cause hyperactivity in children. This may follow after a small dose of 20 mg, on condition of no phenobarbital administered in previous days. [10] Prerequisite for this reaction is a continued sense of tension. The mechanism of action is not known, but it may be started by the anxiolytic action of the phenobarbital. [citation ...
A lot of antipsychotic medications contain ingredients that make the mouth more prone to dryness, which would also increase the amount of coffee (containing caffeine) one may uptake. "Caffeine use can cause restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, rambling speech, and agitation" [7] worsening the symptoms of schizophrenia. "Caffeine is metabolized ...
Once administered, sleep is induced within 30 seconds, and the heart stops beating within 3 minutes. [14] Oral administration is also used. A Swiss pharmacist reported in 2022 that the dose for assisted suicide had been raised to 15 grams because with lower doses death was preceded by a coma of up to 10 hours in some cases.
Individuals with higher caffeine consumption, tended to feel an increase in wakefulness after sleep onset, shorter sleep durations, and longer daytime sleep. Those who consumed high amounts of caffeine daily, were found to be 1.9 times more likely to have difficulty sleeping and 1.8 times more likely to feel sleepy in the morning compared to ...