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  2. Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the...

    The Bill of Rights in the National Archives. The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights.It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets requirements for issuing warrants: warrants must be issued by a judge or magistrate, justified by probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and must particularly describe the place to be ...

  3. Warrantless searches in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrantless_searches_in...

    Warrantless searches are searches and seizures conducted without court-issued search warrants.. In the United States, warrantless searches are restricted under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights, which states, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not ...

  4. Reasonable expectation of privacy (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_expectation_of...

    A "search" occurs for purposes of the Fourth Amendment when the Government violates a person's "reasonable expectation of privacy". [3] In Katz v. United States , 389 U.S. 347 (1967) Justice Harlan issued a concurring opinion articulating the two-prong test later adopted by the U.S. Supreme Court as the test for determining whether a police or ...

  5. Penumbra (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penumbra_(law)

    The Fourth Amendment explicitly affirms the "right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures." The Fifth Amendment in its Self-Incrimination Clause enables the citizen to create a zone of privacy which government may not force him to surrender to his detriment.

  6. United States Bill of Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights

    The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the ...

  7. Fourth Amendment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_amendment

    Fourth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1968, a failed attempt to amend the Constitution of Ireland by abolishing proportional representation elections Australian referendum, 1946 (Social Services) , the fourth amendment to the Constitution of Australia, which extended the powers of the federal government over social services

  8. Court: Chalked tires violate Fourth Amendment

    www.aol.com/news/drop-chalk-michigan-motorist...

    Chalking a tire is an old-fashioned technique used by many municipalities for checking to see if a car has overstayed its time in a parking spot.

  9. List of clauses of the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_clauses_of_the...

    The United States Constitution and its amendments comprise hundreds of clauses which outline the functioning of the United States Federal Government, the political relationship between the states and the national government, and affect how the United States federal court system interprets the law. When a particular clause becomes an important ...