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Narcosis results from breathing gases under elevated pressure, and may be classified by the principal gas involved. The noble gases, except helium and probably neon, [2] as well as nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen cause a decrement in mental function, but their effect on psychomotor function (processes affecting the coordination of sensory or cognitive processes and motor activity) varies widely.
Helium may be added to reduce the amount of nitrogen and oxygen in the gas mixture when diving deeper, to reduce the effects of narcosis and to avoid the risk of oxygen toxicity. This is complicated at depths beyond about 150 metres (500 ft), because a helium–oxygen mixture ( heliox ) then causes high pressure nervous syndrome. [ 1 ]
Nitrous oxide is said to enhance the effects of psychedelics. [6] Since nitrous oxide can cause dizziness, dissociation, and temporary loss of motor control, it is unsafe to inhale while standing up. Safer use can involve inhalation while seated to decrease risks of injury by falling.
When inhaled at high partial pressures (more than about 4 bar, encountered at depths below about 30 metres in scuba diving), nitrogen begins to act as an anaesthetic agent, causing nitrogen narcosis. [5] [6] However, the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for nitrogen is not achieved until pressures of about 20 to 30 atm (bar) are attained. [7]
Because no person has ever been executed by inhaling pure nitrogen, how the state will carry out a nitrogen hypoxia execution remains unclear. Nitrogen hypoxia to execute a human: 'Bloodless, but ...
2 O affects several ion channels, its anaesthetic, hallucinogenic and euphoriant effects are likely caused mainly via inhibition of NMDA receptor-mediated currents. [32] [35] In addition to its effects on ion channels, N 2 O may act similarly to nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system. [35] Nitrous oxide is 30 to 40 times more soluble ...
Naloxone, sold under the brand name Narcan among others, is an opioid antagonist, a medication used to reverse or reduce the effects of opioids. [13] For example, it is used to restore breathing after an opioid overdose . [ 13 ]
Another standout set piece is the bar sequence, where Art ties an off-duty mall Santa (Daniel Roebuck) to a chair and freezes his limbs with liquid nitrogen before smashing them to bits.