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"There is high diversity in the salivary microbiome within and between individuals, but little geographic structure. Overall, ~13.5% of the total variance in the composition of genera is due to differences among individuals, which is remarkably similar to the fraction of the total variance in neutral genetic markers that can be attributed to differences among human populations."
Saliva on a baby's lips. Saliva (commonly referred to as spit or drool) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.In humans, saliva is around 99% water, plus electrolytes, mucus, white blood cells, epithelial cells (from which DNA can be extracted), enzymes (such as lipase and amylase), and antimicrobial agents (such as secretory IgA, and lysozymes).
More than 800 species of bacteria colonize oral mucus, 1,300 species are found in the gingival crevice, and nearly 1,000 species comprise dental plaque. The mouth is a rich environment for hundreds of species of bacteria since saliva is mostly water and plenty of nutrients pass through the mouth each day.
Another critical role that saliva plays in the microscopic environment is supplying the glycoproteins bacteria use to cling to the surface of teeth. [12] [13] [14] Teeth are another example of the abiotic environmental factors involved in oral ecology. Bacteria settle on the tooth surface as a solid substrate on which they grow.
“A quick rinse before eating clears out some bacteria that can build up overnight,” she says. ... "Waiting gives your saliva time to neutralize the acid, protecting your teeth from wear and ...
Bad breath: If you’re not producing enough saliva, sometimes bacteria overgrowth can occur, which can signal chronic dehydration. ... “Water plays a vital role in the way the body functions ...
As well as its role in supplying digestive enzymes, saliva has a cleansing action for the teeth and mouth. [15] It also has an immunological role in supplying antibodies to the system, such as immunoglobulin A. [16] This is seen to be key in preventing infections of the salivary glands, importantly that of parotitis.
The temperature and pH of saliva makes it conducive for bacteria to survive in the oral cavity. Bacteria in the oral cavity include Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Staphylococcus. [15] S. mutans is the main component of the oral microbiota. [15] A healthy oral microbiome decreases oral infections and promotes a healthy gut ...